普及基本全面的艾滋病预防知识涉及每一个人
一般来说,如果具备以下两条件 ,每个人都有可能感染艾滋病病毒。
1.有含HIV的体液存在(如血液、血浆、精液、阴道分泌物、乳汁、身体其他分泌物及炎症溃疡的渗出液);
2.病毒进入体内的门户—破损的皮肤或粘膜(如手、脚皮肤,生殖道、直肠、 口腔粘膜，子宫内膜,牙龈、鼻、眼内粘膜等)被含HIV的体液感染。
一些基本的艾滋病预防建议如下:
1.切断医源性传播途径。
在医疗诊所和医院的诊断检查和治疗过程中,如果不严格按照卫生章程行事,将有可能感染艾滋病。
如不合格的输血、血制品、消毒不严密或不消毒器械如口腔科器械(牙科工具牙钻) 、 导管、采血针头、注射器、输液用具、接生器械、外科手术器械、针刺治疗用针等。
此外,病人或医护人员皮肤上的破口或疮口应注意用绷带包扎。
2.不要接触毒品,特别是使用注射器类的毒品。
3.安全的性行为。
(1)保持稳定和信赖的性伴侣。
(2)性交时使用乳胶安全套。
(3)减少口交(如口/阴茎,口/阴道,口/直肠),可用手代替。
4.母婴垂直传播的预防。
5.注意日常生活细节。
(1)避免共用(特别在公共场所)会刺破皮肤粘膜的器具。
如注射器,理发、美容(如纹眉、穿耳)、纹身等的刀具、针具、浴室的修脚刀不消毒；和他人共用刮脸刀、剃须刀、或共用牙刷牙签甚至牙膏(因牙龈易出血)。
(2)保护破损皮肤粘膜免受体液污染。
a.当接触到血液、 体液或有可见血液的尿液、粪便、呕吐物时,要戴手套,穿鞋(特别在手脚皮肤有破损时)。
b.不要用有污染的物品和手指,挖鼻孔、揉眼、剔牙齿。
c.手和身体其他部位在接触到血液和其他体液后,要及时清洗, 血液污染的地面要进行消毒.
MY SUGGESTIONS FOR HIV DISEASE PREVENTION
The popularization of the basic and overall knowledges in prevention of HIV disease involves every person.
General speaking,everyone can be infected by the AIDS virus if it possess the two basic epidemic factors .One is the existence of body fluids with HIV (such as blood,plasma,body secretions,semen, vaginal fluid, breast milk,urine,etc).Another one is the portal of virus into body—-the break skin or mucous membranes (such as genital ,oral , rectal mucous membranes , the mucous membranes of eyes, inside of the nose , uterus, teeth gum etc)contaminated by the HIV body fluids.(See attachments in detail)
The basic suggestion in prevention of HIV disease are summarized as follows.
1. Cut off the route of transmission in Medical Sources.
During diagnostic check and treatment in clinic and hospital,if it is not strictly abide by the sanitary rule and procedure,the occurrence of transmission will be high.
The examples such as blood transfusions or infected blood products , unsterilized medical equipemt such as dental drill and tools, reuse needle for blood sample, injection equipment etc. And cuts, sores, or breaks on both the care giver’s and patient’s exposed skin should be covered with bandages.
2.Avoid to illegal injecting (intravenous) drugs.
There are many reasons cause people accessing illegal drugs,but one reason for some people is try to get rid of the mood of depression and hopeless life.
Removing the cause maybe could help some people distant from the illegal drugs.
3.Safe sexual behavior.
a.Keep the stable and trustful sexual partner.
b.Use latex condom in sexual intercourse.
c.Reduce mouth intercourse(such as mouth/vagina, mouth/penis, mouth/ rectum) instead by hands.
4.Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT).
5.Daily living details.
a. Avoid to share the device with friends or in public,which can make the skin or mucous membranes break such as toothbrush,toothstick,even toothpaste, the unsterilized blades , syringes, piercings needle, shaveknife by barber,footknife,etc.
b. Protect the broken skin or mucous membranes from contaminated HIV body fluids.
For example, gloves should be worn by hands and shoe with the skin-break barefeet during contact with blood or other body fluids that could possibly contain visible blood, such as urine, feces, or vomit.
Do not use contaminative objects or finger touch the mucous membranes of the inside of nose,eye,and the teeth gum.
Hands and other parts of the body should be washed immediately after contact with blood or other body fluids, and surfaces soiled with blood should be disinfected appropriately.
